Production of coke and semicoke



. 1927. Feb E. B. G. BASCOU PRODUCTION oF coKE AND sEMrcoKa Filed June 4. 1924 Z60m/Greffe? l Patented 22, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATEET OFFICE.

EMUE BAPTISTE GUSTAVE BASCOU, 0F PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOB T0 SOCIETE ANONYME DES PETBOLES HOUILLES ET DERIVES, OEPABIS, FRANCE.

PRODUCTION 0F COKE `SEMIICOIKE,

Application filed June 4, 1924, LSerial No. 717,801,and Ain France November 28, 1923.

This invention relates to improvements in to the coked product-s in a suitable coking the production-of vcoke and semi-coke. Coking or bituminous coal is at present normally subjected to a preliminary distillation. When the distillation temperature does not exceed 650 C., a .poor coal known as semi coke is obtained as a residue, which contains only 5 to 9%l of volatile substances. This product can be agglomerated only with diliiculty and recourse must be had to a high percentage of coal tar or pitch (15 to 20%) or to very high pressures. If it contains too much pitch its use is then limited in domestic tires because it evolves too much smoke on combustion.

The coke obtained when coal is distilled at 1000 C. is also diiiiculttb agglomerate in consequence of its low percentage of volatile substance (1 to 3%). This latter coke is usually produced for metallurgical purposes.

At the end of the distillation the coke is generally cooled with jets of water. The waste of heat contained in the coked products involves a considerable loss ofv calo-- ries, in fact it amounts to about 330,000 calories per ton of coke and 160,000 per ton of semicoke'. This quantit of heat 1n the two cases represents about alf the heat necessalrzhfor distillation.

' is invention has for itsl object improvements relatingv to the production of' a condition suitable for their agglomeration.

The im rovement in coking quality of coals of di erent natures and particularly the increase in the hardness'for the metallurgical coke.

The invention is substantially characterized bythe following features.

First, the injection and spraying at the endl of the distillation, onto-the coke or semicoke, when at a temperature of500 to 650.C.,`ofl a solution of petroleum oil containing in suspensionnely-pulveriz'ed bituminous coal. Thesolution'ispknown ascol loidal fuel. This colloidal fuel 1s directly injected on blast of these gases is to cause the atomization of the colloidal fuel and at the same time the extinction of thecoked productsand the easv discharge of the distilled products, while a reheatin of the gas results from the extinction o the coked products by the blast of the gas on the said products.

Third, the delivery of the injecting gas together with vapourized petroleum and the gases'formed by decomposition of the oils in contact with the incandescent coke or semicoke through condensers of heat exchangers so as to recover the heat-derivedfrom the cokeied products. This gas after'condensation `of' its vapours and complete cooling is collected in a gasometer serving to feed the burnersof the coke ovens and the injectors or sprayers of the colloidal fuel.

As an example the preparation 'of the l colloidal fuel utilized in this process may be carried out in the following way:

100 parts of mazout rich in asphalts (20 to 30%) and 30 parts of bituminousor coking coal are introduced into a rotary crusher.

After some hours of grinding the product is homogeneous and ready to be employed, its iuidity is increased by heating it to 60 C.' or by using fory its preparation heated mazout.

When injected on the coked products from 15 to 20% colloidal fuel is added to the semicoke and 15 to 30% in the case of coke.

By the present process the heat contained heating of the non-condensible gas blown into the distillation apparatus or their discharge hopper.- This gas may be used for free heating of boilers, 'distilling apparatus, coke ovens, or the like.

Further the addition of the `colloidal fuel to the coked products causes the ixing piping 13'.

thereon of the asphaltic products of the solution injected and thus renders them capable of being agglomeratcd without further additions.

The deposition on the coke of "asphalt and carbon particles contained in the colloidal fuel is effected by the heat derived from the coketied products. The oils and distilled spirits are carried oli by the gas and coudensed in due course.

In case the coked products have to he agglomerated, their cooling by means ot' the gas is arrested at about 150 C., so as to enable them to be moulded while hot under compression, their hardening being at a maximum when cold.

TheA coked products thus prepared have the property of becoming very hard when under combustion and of being converted into metallurgical coke in the course of their descent in the blast furnace.

The invention is more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating as an example a low temperature coal coking plant, employing the above process and in which: A

Figure 1 is a transverse section of the coke oven,

Figui-e2 is ageneral view of the apparatus including a longitudinal section of this oven.

The general arrangement comprises a reservoir 1 for the colloidal fuel, provided with an agitator 2 and a heating coil 3.,

Thron h this coil pass the hot gases coming from t e interior of the coke oven 4 and the coil is connected at its base with a condenser 5 provided with a discharge tap 6.

The reservoir is connected by an insulated pipe 7 with injectors 8 usually mounted within the oven and each injector having a pipe 9 for the admission of gas feed from a supply pipe 10. This pipe 10 has a compressor 11 therein and leads from a gasometer 12.

The upper end of the coil 3 arranged within the reservoir communicates with the interior of the oven 4 by means of an insulated pipe 13 including a sludge tap 14 and a dust chamber 15 and its opposite end is connected to the gasometer 12 by means 'of the piping 13 and a temperature exchanger 16, for instance a boiler which is provided i with a condensing chamber 17.

-A suction valve 23 is included in this The gasometer 12 receives through the pipe 18 connected to pipe 4, by a connection (not shown) uncondensible as derived from the cokin of the coal. 'Ihe coke oven burners are fe with gas from the gasometer 12 by means of piping 19 having a compreor 2 4 therein.`

The apparatus works as follows:

At the end of the coking operation, `the semicoke in the oven'4 is at a temperature of about 650 C., whereupon the pipe 4 for discharging the products of the distillation ot' the coal, is closed, and the valves (not shown) of the pipes 7 and 10 are suitably operated so as to cause the actuation of the injectors 8 by means ot' the con'iprcssor lt which latter has been started.

At this moment the colloidal fuel contained in the reservoir 1 is sprayed in a given quantity into the oven 4 onto the incandescent semicoke which continues to he acted on by the vancs of the agitating device oi' the coke oven.

rl `he particles oi hydro-carbons and asphalt. become fixed on the semicokc while a part of the petroleum Yoil is distilled and carried oil' hy the gas blown into the oven and by the gases formed by the decomposition of the oils in contact with the incandescent semicoke.

This gas is heated by contact with the semicolteand drawn by the fan 23 through the piping 13 and 13. On their course the hot gases pass through the dust chamber 15 and coil 3, the latter intended for heating the colloidal uelland then their remaining heat is utilized in the boiler 16 whence they emerge cooled to enter the gasometer 12.

In passing through this pipe 13, sludge taps are arranged as at 14 for collecting the oils condensed during the circulation of the gas, condensed oil collectors are also rovided as `at 5 on the heat exchangers, coil 3, boiler 16. When the given quantity of colloidal fuel is injected into the oven, the pipe 7 'for admitting the asphaltic solution is closed and only the gas blast is allowed to function so as to cause the ra id extinction ot' the semicoke which allows t e moment of recharging the oven to be lexpedited with a view to a fresh operation for carbonizing the coal.

The blast is operated until the semicoke is cooled approximately to 150 C., which is ascertained by measuring the temperature of the gas on its exit from the oven.

Atthis moment the compressor 11 is stopped, the oven discharged by the usual means and the product then in a plastic condition is conveyed as rapidly as possible into a mixing crusher 20 and into a ball press 2l by a conveyor 22 for instance.

If the present invention is applied to the production of metallurgicalcoke, the quenching of the coke takes lace preferably in a discharge hopper attac ied to the coke oven. When the hopper has been flushed with air, the gas blasts act at rst alone to cool the coke to about 650 C. At this moment the mixture of colloidal fuel is sprayed and then the blowers alone continue the quenching of. the coke. The injector nozzles should be cleaned atintervals either by the admission of live steam or even by a current of Acompressed gas charged with hard sand iso particles. The method 'of cleaning maybe any desired.

'lt is quite evident that this invention may be employed with various types of coke ovens, txed retort ovenswith internal agitation,4 rotary ovens With external heating and the injectors may bel tedwvith hydrocai-bons which are more or less rich in asphalt and pulveriz'edcoa-l.

Havingr now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

l. The process of treating coke, semi-coke or metallurgical coke which comprises applying a suspension of finely pulverized fhituminous coal in petroleum on the hot coke 3. The process of treating coke, semi-coke f or metallurgical coke which comprises spraying a suspenslon of finely pulverlzed lntumlnous coal in petroleum and gaseous products of the coking operation on the hot coke at the end ofl the distillation operation.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set 30 my hand'.

EMlLE -BAPTlSTE GUSTQVE BASCOU. 

